Abstract: the article analyzes the objects, concepts and methods of cultural history – modern historical subdiscipline presented in different national historiographical traditions. Due to the boundary nature of the object (social institutions, social networks, daily interaction, childhood, cultural memory, physicality, etc.) the phenomenon of interdisciplinary relation is problematized to history, the question of the institutional boundaries of disciplines is raised.

Keywords: history, culture, sultural history, neue Kulturgeschichte, histoire culturelle, theory, scientific method, the interdisciplinarity, interdisciplinary object, institutional boundaries of science, axiomatic core.

Abstract: the article describes the historical factors and features of naming the streets and towns in honor of the heroes and events of the War of 1812 throughout Russia. The article establishes that the first such place name appeared in the southern Urals, where Cossacks Nagaibaks returning from a victorious European campaign established their military colonies . Waves of renaming city streets across Russia were timed to the 100th and 150th anniversaries of the war. The article identifies regions with the most widespread urban street toponyms related to the war in 1812: Moscow region, Moscow city, Kaliningrad region, Smolensk region, Kaluga region. The particular attention is given to the Moscow toponymy and historical implications of sharing names associated with the war. The author gives a list and defines a kind of “rating” of the characters and events of the war referencing in the Russian toponymy, shows their spread throughout Russia. The article reveals regional patterns of spreading the urban place names included in tables, charts and maps.

Keywords: history, toponymy, a list of cities, street toponyms, War of 1812, the historical and cultural landscape, historical causality, regional distribution, historical and geographical patterns, rating names and events.

Abstract: based on the experience of the scientific school “History of the youth movement in Russia”, formed in the XXI century in Tambov State Technical University, the author reveals the possibility to use the modern central and regional archives in the study of Comsomol and it’s alternative organizations of the first post-revolutionary years. The article pays big attention to the role of sources that generally have not been used by researchers.

Keywords: history, source studies, methodology, historical records, archives, letters, youth, Komsomol, the NEP, the Communist Party.

Abstract: the article researches the problem of organization and implementation of the interaction of Soviet foreign and military intelligence services, agencies of the Executive Committee of the Comintern, its offices in the Asia-Pacific region, as well as diplomatic, consular and other representatives of the USSR in foreign countries of the Far East in the process of intelligence work in the years 1922-1941.

Keywords: history, Far Eastern Territory of the USSR, China, OGPU, OKDVA, military intelligence, external intelligence, residency, the Comintern, the diplomatic and consular missions of the Soviet Union.

Abstract: the article examines the causes of de-legitimization of royal power in Russia, that took place during the World War I. Author states that the government failed to offer the public a picture of the world, giving an adequate explanation of what was going on, and consolidate the people around the figure of the Emperor. The focus of the article is on the mistakes that were made in the field of ideological politics (in the image of the enemy, interpretation of the meaning of the war, the representation of the image of Nicholay II, informing the public about the war.) The search for the German spies campaign organized by the authority in order to justify military failures turned against it, have spread the rumors about the presence of German traitors among the members of the royal family and the government. Nation and monarchy were opposed to each other and the government has lost the trust of society and the people.

Keywords: history, World War I, the political culture, the February Revolution of 1917, Nicholay II, the Russian Empire, ideology, propaganda, the power crisis, the image of the enemy.

Abstract: the article traces the evolution of the nobility and merchant estates in Bogorodsky region of Moscow governorate in stages of formation (XVIII – 1st third of XIX century), mass transformation (2nd third of the XIX century – 1917), the exploitation of their material component (1917 – present time). Homesteads are seen as the most important architectural and urban areas facilities, centers of social, cultural and economic life of the region, heritage sites. For each stage the brightest objects and related phenomena are described. The article shows up the specific character of the eastern Moscow suburbs estates: the early industrial activity and mass belonging to merchants. Preserved manor complexes and production facilities harmoniously related to them are suggested to be considered as heritage sites of the urban level. Today there are 39 different objects of the different estate of preservation, which may be involved in the life of modern society for restoring the communication of times and generations.

Keywords: history, cultural studies, country estate, eastern Moscow suburbs, nobles, merchants, business, architecture, landscape, heritage.

Abstract: the article gives a detailed description of the development of relations between Libya and the Sudan in the period of cooperation and confrontation, the authoritarian regimes of Gaddafi and J. Nimeiri (1969-1985) and the subsequent overthrow of Nimeiri detente (1985-1989), the author proposes a periodization of the bilateral relations in the formal (diplomatic ) and informal (real) levels. The article reveals the motivation of leadership of both countries, the causes of the conflict, its dynamics and main factors (internal and external), the participation of third countries (Egypt, Ethiopia, Chad), and the outcome of short- and long-term historical perspective. The study was based on analysis of the English, French and Russian scientific literature, materials, media, and political public speeches.

Keywords: history, Africa, Libya, Sudan, Gaddafi, Nimeiri, foreign policy, conflict, authoritarianism, pan-Arabism.

Abstract: the article is devoted to the topic of cultural losses in the Soviet Union during the World War II and the related problem of displaced cultural valuables. It shows the scope of losses incurred by the country; based on the archive sources and materials of 1940th the author tells about work of Research Institute of local history and museum work, related to the evaluation of the museum losses of the USSR (making price lists and lists of equivalents of museum values), about the selfless work of museum professionals of the Pushkin Museum on storage, restoration and scientific treatment of displaced as equivalents from German museum treasures, gives the evaluation of restitution process.

Keywords: history, museum, Research Institute of local history and museum work, cultural values, compensation, development of price lists, lists of equivalents, monuments, restoration, restitution.

Abstract: the phenomenon of making caches with cult and memorable artifacts of Pharaohs – the founders of the Early State in the temples of subsequent periods, built on the site of ancient shrines is unique in the Ancient Egyptian history. Their localization outlines the boundaries of the Early State, its center and the periphery. Analysis of the materials suggests the cult of worshiping of the ancient Pharaohs, preserving spiritual traditions as the most important instrument for maintaining the stability of the state. Pharaoh was a key figure in the religious and ritual life of the community. A special role is played by the royal anniversary, during which the Pharaoh was tested, confirming the legitimacy of his authority. This archaic rite of passage of renewal associates the caches with the sacred objects, manifesting the cult of the Pharaoh’s, revered in rebuilt temples, and being a sacrifice to the Gods of the land where the temple was built. Sacrifice as a process of transformation is aimed at continuous development of spiritual traditions in time and space in the rites of transitions.

Keywords: history, caches, temples, tradition, religion, rituals, worship, Pharaoh, ancestors holidays.

Abstract: the article is devoted to the topic of development of specialization at the Natural Science Department of the Physical and Mathematical faculties of the universities of the Russian Empire (since the moment of its creation until the beginning of XX century.) in context of history of biological education in pre-revolutionary Russia – from studying the full range of natural and physical sciences to formation of the separated groups of specialization on the basis of natural science departments. The problem of increased specialization is relevant at the present time.

Keywords: history, biology, Russia, universities, regulations, departments, natural sciences, specialization, division, Faculties of Physics and Mathematics.