Abstract: In an era of a changing world order, the Cuban vector of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) international activity is of particular academic interest. The subject of the research is current relations between the EAEU and the Republic of Cuba. The relevance of the study is determined by the growing attention to the Cuban vector in the EAEU foreign policy; the need for analyzing business opportunities, current trends and influencing factors. The research is based on the analysis of regulatory and legislative acts, official statistics; publicistic sources are also engaged. The study reveals significant imbalances in Eurasian-Cuban trade due to the overbalance of exports from the EAEU; the leading role of Russia and Belarus in the context of relations between the EAEU and Cuba is noted. The author analyzes current trends and traces prospects for interaction. The author uses a combination of general scientific theoretical and special methods; institutional and historical methods, as well as content analysis of official documents and statistics. Analyzing Eurasian-Cuban relations, the author emphasizes the growing role of geopolitical factors and value orientation over purely economic interests. It is noted that despite the potential of the relations is still great and it has not been realized yet, economic feasibility and a favorable policy framework encourage to increase cooperation in a short term. The political potential of the relations is being successfully converted into economic projects and challenges implementation. In concluding the author says that the multilateral format of interaction between the countries in the context of a global geopolitical crisis is an additional tool for hedging risks and one of the steps towards the state’s sustainable development.

Keywords: Eurasian Economic Commission, Eurasian-Cuban relations, Kirghizia, Armenia, Kazakhstan, Belarus, Russia, Cuba, Eurasian Economic Union, trade and economic relations

Abstract: This article examines the impact of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict on Sino-Russian cooperation, analyzes the Chinese Ice Silk Road project and the development of the Russian Northern Sea Route, and based on the above analysis, predicts the further course of cooperation between China and Russia on the Ice Silk Road project. The subject of the study is the Chinese-Russian cooperation on the Ice Silk Road project in the context of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict. The object of the study is Chinese-Russian cooperation. The author examines in detail such aspects of the topic as the problems of international relations caused by the conflict between Russia and Ukraine; exchange and cooperation between China and Russia against the background of the conflict, as well as determining the trend of future cooperation between the two countries. Special attention is paid to the situation in the Chinese-Russian Ice Silk Road project against the background of the conflict, analysis and forecast of the possibility of cooperation between the two countries on this project in the future. This article uses the method of system theory, considers Sino-Russian relations as an integral part of the system of international relations, Sino-Russian cooperation on the Ice Silk Road project as a level below the level of Sino-Russian relations, and the Russian-Ukrainian conflict as a change of circumstances. The Russian-Ukrainian conflict has exacerbated the polarization of the world. The conflict between Russia and Ukraine did not have too much impact on Sino-Russian cooperation and even introduced favorable factors into Sino-Russian cooperation, the economic sphere will be the main area of cooperation between the two countries. The conflict directly deprives Russia of its Western partners in the Northern Sea Route, and also further distances China from its Western partners in the Ice Silk Road project. The development of the Russian "Northern Sea Route" urgently needs other countries to fill the gap left by Western countries. Continuing further cooperation in the Ice Silk Road project is a reasonable choice. In the next period of time, China opened a window of opportunity for in-depth cooperation with Russia on the Ice Silk Road project. In the future, China is likely to achieve cooperation with Russia, in addition to energy cooperation in the development of the Russian "Northern Sea Route", such as technical cooperation and other cooperation.

Keywords: Russian-Ukrainian conflict, Sino-Russian technical cooperation, Sino-Russian energy cooperation, Arctic, Sino-Russian cooperation, Maritime Silk Road, China, Russia, Northern Sea Route, Polar Silk Road

Abstract: The authors reveal the interdependence of the Kurdish national liberation movement in the Middle East and the internal policies pursued by the Ottoman state, and later by Turkey, Iraq, Syria and Iran, aimed at state centralization and modernization of these states, which violates the traditional foundations of Kurdish society and threatens the tribal autonomy of these people. The authors also identify the role of leading world powers in the radicalization of the Kurdish issue and the strengthening of the Kurdish national liberation movement in the region. The research methodology is based on a civilizational approach. The article examines the history, specifics and features of the development of the internal policy of the Ottoman Empire, later of Turkey, Iraq, Syria and Iran, the consequences of its implementation and the reasons that led to the formation of the Kurdish national-territorial issue and the increased radicalization of Kurdish society in the period from the 19th to the end of the 20th centuries. The scientific novelty of the article consists of: 1. The analysis of domestic policies carried out on the territory of the Ottoman Empire, and subsequently in Turkey, Iraq, Syria and Iran during the period of the late XIX – XX centuries. 2) Identification of the influence of direct and indirect historical and foreign policy factors that influenced the Young Turk state’s policy of centralization and modernization, as well as the relationship of these factors with the emergence, formation and development of the Kurdish national liberation movement. 3) Study of the root causes and main stages of the politicization and radicalization of the Kurdish issue in the Middle East. 4) The findings of the study also reveal the role of leading foreign policy players represented by Russia, the USA, Great Britain, France and Germany in the Kurdish issue.

Keywords: Syria, Türkiye, Kurdistan Workers' Party, Domestic policy, interfaith relations, Kurdish national movement, Kurdish issue, Kurdistan, Iraq, Iran

Abstract: The article analyzes the role of the energy factor in the formation of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), as well as its impact on the dynamics of modern integration processes. The author also considers a number of processes and phenomena as an energy factor, such as the degree of resource security of states, the level of infrastructural development of their fuel and energy complexes (including technological, logistical and information infrastructure), interstate interaction in order to implement energy policy and ensure energy security. Based on the analysis of the historical prerequisites for the formation of the EAEU, it is concluded that energy was one of the key areas of common economic interests at the stage of the Union's inception, while remaining so today and determining the potential of Eurasian integration in the global arena, at the same time being the cause of a number of fundamental problems of unification. These problems, caused by resource inequality and infrastructural imbalance, have a profound impact on the dynamics of integration processes. Among such problems are significant differences in the strategic interests of the states in relation to the EAEU; insufficient consistency of positions on energy development strategies; different and to some extent contradictory expectations from the emerging common energy markets; an imbalance in the levels of responsibility for the overall stability of the integration association. The need for practical solutions to problems and contradictions of this kind is an important factor determining the vector of further development of the integration association, its transformation from a predominantly economic Union to a new level – supported by ideology and values shared by all its participants.

Keywords: the ideological basis, strategic interests, energy potential, energy security, transformation of EAEU, energy efficiency, resource inequality, the energy factor, Eurasian integration, Eurasian Economic Union

Abstract: The author examines the processes of transformation of Western culture during the conflict between the West and the East (1949-1989); the determinism of these changes and neoliberal economic transformations that began in 1970s. The subject of the research is the technology of using cultural phenomena and scientific research in order to promote the ideology of globalism. The purpose of the study is to identify and analyze the genesis and development of the cultural transformation of Western society, the connection with the neoliberal economic paradigm of the Chicago School of Economics and the transition of power in Western countries to a new generation of globalist politicians. The material under study is reports of the Trilateral Commission, the Club of Rome, the IMF, Senate commissions, and the laws. The analysis of factual material is carried out by descriptive, analytical historical, systematic, comparative methods using abstracts and quotations from scientific literature. The scientific novelty of this article is to identify a new vision of the determinism of the stages of globalization: the cultural liberalization of Western society in the 1960s and 1970s, the neoliberal economic revolution of the 1970s and 2000s and the modern stage of globalization and the green agenda. The mechanisms of cultural liberalization, including three parallel youth revolutions in Anglo-Saxon countries, are shown, and the consequences of these revolutions, including the new values of the Western post-war generation, are analyzed. For the first time, the analysis of the report of the Club of Rome "The First Global Revolution" was carried out, new aspects of the ideological conflict between the communist and Western systems were identified and proposed for discussion. The data obtained are used to analyze the post-cold war: the unipolarity of the 1990s-2000s and the reverse process of regionalization that began in 2010s.

Keywords: The Club of Rome, The first global revolution, globalism, neoliberalism, The Crisis of Democracy report, The Cold War, Community of common destiny, cultural liberalization, propaganda, Fair multipolarity