Abstract: In work the questions connected with the transaction about alienation by the Russian Empire of Alaska in favor of the USA in 1867 reveal. In this regard the role of the emperor Alexander II, the grand duke Konstantin Nikolaevich, the Minister of Foreign Affairs A. M. Gorchakov, the Minister of Finance M. H. Reytern, the sea minister N. K. Krabbe, and also imperial envoy in Washington of the baron E. A. von Stekl is in details investigated at the conclusion of this contract. Article is also devoted to the analysis of consequences of the studied transaction. When writing article by authors general methods of knowledge, such as are used: materialistic, dialectic methods and a method of scientific abstraction which gave opportunity to study the Russian-American relations in their development, to open cause and effect aspects of the conclusion of the contract on a concession of Alaska. General scientific methods of the analysis, synthesis, deduction and induction, system and structural method allowed to carry out the legal analysis of consequences of conclusion of agreement of purchase and sale of Alaska and to formulate conclusions concerning its influence on world geopolitics. It is noted that from the economic point of view Russia lost the perspective gold deposit opened on Alaska at the end of the XIX century. It is necessary to carry the deposits of oil found in 1968 which production currently covers about 90% of the budget of staff to strategic losses. A social consequence is loss of the population of the American North which, despite the small number, differed in high economic activity and was the carrier of the Russian orthodox tradition. In strategic aspect the Russian State as a result of sale of Alaska lost presence in the territories connecting two continents – Eurasia and America that certainly is the largest foreign policy miscalculation of the Russian government of Alexander II.