Training of cadets, trainees and employees of the Department of Internal Affairs in the tactics of joint actions when working with offenders

Struganov Sergei Mikhailovich PhD in Pedagogy Associate Professor at the Department of Physical Training of the East-Siberian Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation 664074, Russia, Irkutsk region, Irkutsk, Lermontov str., 110 sergej_05@mail.ru Other publications by this author     Panov Evgenii Valentinovich PhD in Pedagogy Associate Professor, Department of Physical Training, Siberian Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia 660131, Russia, Krasnoyarsk Territory, Krasnoyarsk, Rokosovsky str., 20 pan69@mail.ru Katrina Marina Ivanovna Senior Lecturer, Department of Adaptive and Physical Culture, Omsk State University named after F.M. Dostoevsky 644077, Russia, Omsk region, Omsk, Mira Ave., 55-A marina_katrina@mail.ru

Gavrilov Dmitrii Anatol'evich Lecturer, Department of Physical Training, East Siberian Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia 664074, Russia, Irkutsk region, Irkutsk, Lermontov str., 110 stayer-87@list.ru

The activities of the police officers are associated with working in various conditions of service, which are characterized by complexity due to the special terrain or situation, events or procedural actions, individual actions to maintain public order and ensure public safety. So, traffic police officers, ensuring compliance with the rules of the road at the post, or PPSP employees, must serve together. Representatives of these departments of the Department of Internal Affairs are not the only categories of employees for whom such a rule is mandatory. The need to perform official duties with a partner is explained by the tasks that arise before the Department of Internal Affairs: the production of operational investigative measures by criminal investigation officers, the production of detention, etc.

This necessitates the development of skills for the joint performance of tasks while on duty. In practice, this is manifested in the implementation of the order of actions of employees in accordance with the requirements of regulatory legal acts, compliance with subordination, direct application of combat techniques of fighting according to legal grounds, ensuring personal safety, etc. ^[6].

Thus, the federal law "On Police" establishes that a warning about the use of physical force, special means or firearms as part of a unit (group) is made by one of the police officers belonging to the unit (group). In addition, as part of a unit (group), a police officer uses physical force, special means and firearms in accordance with federal law, guided by the orders and orders of the head of this unit (group) ^[1].

Educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia provide training for future employees in various areas: service, legal, physical. The most effective way to master the skills of joint actions is physical training, since during classes there is a direct working out of actions to perform combat techniques of wrestling, including together with a partner ^{[7, 10]}.

I.D. Vinogradov notes that the tasks of suppressing mass riots are carried out with the involvement of a significant number of internal affairs officers and the organization of interaction between various departments. During training, cadets should study the order and tactics of actions of both defensive and offensive nature. The main task of the teacher is to teach coherence of actions both within the unit and in the organization of interaction, the organization of competent management of forces and means ^[3].

S.I. Ivanov gives an example of how the need for advance preparation during the operation of the unit affects the outcome of operations conducted by the ATS. He noted the implementation of such a principle of the activity of operational units as conspiracy: often the task is brought to subordinates directly on the spot, and, in the absence of a relationship between the performers and the head of the operation, a misunderstanding may arise that will lead to the failure of the task ^[5]. Therefore, as the author is convinced, the head must deeply understand the intent of the operation, as well as informal leadership in his team, which can be achieved in the process of their joint actions within the framework of advance preparation.

Revealing the content of the next stage concerning tactics, they note that these actions are the result of the purposeful application of acquired skills based on the analysis of the situation and the realization of physical, technical capabilities by the employee. The ability to make strategically competent decisions and promptly plan the sequence of their own actions, depending on the situation, plays a crucial role for the outcome of the duel ^[2]. Agreeing with the author's opinion, it is worth paying attention to this factor as one of the determining factors in achieving interdependence between employees, each of whom is an individual and, being in a specific operational situation, makes a subjective assessment of actions that may be different from a partner.

A number of researchers rightly point out the need for an interdisciplinary approach to the collective training of students. Clear and well-coordinated collective activity is the basis of tactics of actions of special units of the Department of Internal Affairs in special conditions. In addition, it allows you to quickly and efficiently perform assigned service and combat tasks ^[4]. Therefore, within the framework of the implementation of this idea, complex tactical and special exercises should be conducted, which are the highest form of practical training that models the professional activities of police officers in situations of varying complexity, contributes to the formation of special skills when performing official tasks. Within the framework of the exercises, the coherence of the actions of the personnel of the Department of Internal Affairs is being worked out in the conditions of rapid changes in the current situation and the occurrence of extreme situations. For the most qualitative result, it is worth increasing the practical orientation by involving representatives of special units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.

The authors also draw attention to the fact that in addition to forming a team and identifying the most prepared and proactive cadets, one of the most important tasks facing teachers is the moral preparation of students for actions in suppressing mass riots.

A.A. Tokbayev also draws attention to the need to form stable skills and abilities in performing specific service-combat and operational actions within the framework of training with all personnel, directing it to "rehearse" such actions as performing combat techniques of fighting, the use of special means or firearms, the production of detention within a certain role in the unit (supervisor, subordinate, partner) ^[9].

S.V. Parshin, exploring with colleagues the topic of training cadets and teaching them combat techniques of fighting, it is no coincidence that "Training in assistance and interaction with a partner during forcible detentions" is singled out as one of the stages ^[8]. According to his methodology, at this stage, such a goal is being realized as training different options for the actions of police officers in the joint detention of offenders and working out options for helping people who find themselves in an emergency situation as a result of the actions of offenders.

Mutual actions are manifested in the joint shackling of the enemy, the performance of seizures, the use of special means or improvised means in accordance with paragraph 3 of Article 18 of the Federal Law "On Police", painful and suffocating techniques.

As difficulties arising during training, S.V. Parshin identifies an unsuitable partner, which indicates problems for young specialists who are unable to maintain interaction in the process of completing the task ^[8]. Of course, this circumstance is not an exceptional indicator of a cadet's learning ability, since we can talk about physical qualities that will not allow you to master a combat technique if the partner's complexion prevents this. But in the case when it is caused by other reasons, it is important to respond to such problems in a timely manner and ensure that tasks are completed with any partner.

To ensure effective training of cadets and students of educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs For Russia to take joint action, we suggest using the following techniques and exercises during the lesson:

1. Running as part of the unit (1000m and 3000m), aimed at achieving the overall result, by counting the finishing time of each cadet entering the unit according to the time of the end of the race by the last member of the unit who came running. Such a method of conducting physical training classes contributes, first of all, to the cohesion of the team, as well as to increasing the level of responsibility of each cadet entering the unit to the rest of the students;

2.        The introduction of a competitive method in the learning process is not in a personal championship, but in a team, while we propose to understand by a team not a unit as a whole, but small groups of 5-7 people who are assigned identical tasks during the lesson. This method allows different persons in the group to achieve mutual conditionality in their actions and direct the potential to achieve a common result;

3.        Identification of informal leaders in the group and setting them individual tasks aimed at the interaction of the team, for example, the assignment of warm-up exercises, as well as hitches for the entire study group; conducting OFP training as part of a training session, etc. This method is necessary so that cadets and trainees can constantly quickly reorient themselves to interact with any of the members of the unit (group) within the framework of performing operational and service tasks. In addition, the above method will allow you to diversify the course of the training session on physical training, since each cadet / listener will show their individual approach to solving the tasks set;

4.        Introduction of a system of joint assessment of cadets/trainees. This will allow us to reach mutual understanding in the shortest possible time in the process of completing the tasks assigned to the unit by the teacher;

5.        Involvement of practical employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in conducting the training session, which will contribute to the formation of skills necessary for use in real conditions of operational and service environment. Moreover, a practical employee can objectively assess the level of professional training of cadets /trainees with a teacher and, together with the teacher, develop recommendations for improving the tactics of joint actions when police officers work with offenders.

Summing up the general line under all of the above, it should be noted that such an aspect of training as working out joint actions by cadets and trainees when working with offenders is not implemented at the proper level today within the framework of the general training program of the Department of Internal Affairs. In our opinion, it is necessary to integrate the positive experience of territorial divisions on the example of such events as simulators, often practiced in traffic police and PSP units, which consist in modeling the most popular situations of collision with offenders, while each time arbitrarily forming pairs, appointing a senior. In our opinion, the variability of approaches to teaching the tactics of actions of cadets and trainees when working with offenders can be formed individually by each teacher, depending on the type and topic of the training session.