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Urban Studies
Reference:

Greening of historically formed recreation areas in small towns of Russia on the example of Udmurtia cities

Kuzmina Nadezhda Mikhailovna

ORCID: 0000-0002-0430-930X

Senior Researcher, Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science "Udmurt Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences"

426067, Russia, respublika Udmurtiya, g. Izhevsk, ul. T. Baramzinoi, 34

kuzmina1956@mail.ru
Other publications by this author
 

 
Fedorov Aleksandr Vladimirovich

ORCID: 0000-0003-2759-2037

Doctor of Agriculture

Chief Researcher, Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science "Udmurt Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences",

426067, Russia, respublika Udmurtiya, g. Izhevsk, ul. T.baramzinoi, 34

oiar@udman.ru
Other publications by this author
 

 
Ardasheva Ol'ga Al'bertovna

ORCID: 0000-0001-6828-4802

PhD in Agriculture

Senior Researcher, Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science "Udmurt Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences",

426067, Russia, respublika Udmurtiya, g. Izhevsk, ul. T. Baramzinoi, 34

o.ardashewa@yandex.ru
Other publications by this author
 

 
Cheremnykh Ekaterina Nikolaevna

ORCID: 0000-0001-9501-7726

Junior Researcher, Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science "Udmurt Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences",

426067, Russia, respublika Udmurtiya, g. Izhevsk, ul. T. Baramzinoi, 34

ekatcherr@gmail.com

DOI:

10.7256/2310-8673.2022.2.37408

EDN:

VRYJTR

Received:

26-01-2022


Published:

05-07-2022


Abstract: The preservation and popularization of the historical environment of the city represents the involvement of open spaces in social turnover. The purpose of the work is to characterize the floral design of historically developed urban gardens and parks of Udmurtia cities: Izhevsk, Sarapul, Glazov, Votkinsk. A brief history of the studied objects of culture and recreation is presented. The most important component of the aesthetic appeal of gardens and parks is floral decoration. The emotional state of citizens depends on the quality and decorativeness of the floral decoration of recreation areas. 404 objects of floral decoration were examined using the route method. There are 15 types of floral decoration in the studied area. The features of the typical composition of floral decoration of gardens and parks of Udmurtia cities are noted. A brief description of the qualitative and decorative condition of flower beds is given. The disadvantages of floral design were revealed: poor quality care of plants, flower beds without using the laws of composition, abandoned flower beds of perennials. The positive side can be considered the extensive species composition of perennial flower and ornamental crops. In total, 98 species of ornamental herbaceous plants have been identified and identified in gardens and parks. Annual crops – 27 species, perennial – 71 species. Highly decorative flower beds are marked, only in gardens and parks of Izhevsk. There are 23% of flower beds in the Kirov Central Park and in the Summer Garden named after Gorky's 19% of flower beds have a high decorative rating (4 points). In second place are the flower beds of Glazov gardens and parks. The city parks of Sarapul and Votkinsk have remained at the level of previous decades in terms of their level of well-being, they need to be revitalized in accordance with new concepts of the organization of city parks. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time an assessment was given of the quality and decorativeness of the floral decoration of the historically formed recreation areas of the cities of Udmurtia.


Keywords:

parks, history, flower decoration, typical composition, ornamental herbaceous plants, estimation, decorative, quality, species composition, disadvantages

This article is automatically translated. You can find original text of the article here.

Introduction

Parks are of particular importance in the system of preservation of cultural heritage. Since ancient times, people have been improving areas of the territory for recreation. Nowadays, parks are the most important element of the citywide landscaping and recreation system. They perform cultural, educational, aesthetic, environmental functions. Park areas help to maintain physical health, as well as perform important social and psychological functions [1].

The Soviet period brought a new concept of the park as a cultural and mass complex into the life of the Russian people. Cultural events were held in the parks of culture and recreation, festive celebrations were celebrated. The involvement of the urban population in culture has created and is creating conditions for the transformation of urban parks and gardens into subjects of cultural dialogue between generations [2; 3, 4, 5, 6].

The study of recreation areas of the cities of the Udmurt Republic: Izhevsk, Glazov, Sarapul, Votkinsk. Each city is unique in its own way, with ancient architecture and interesting history. A unique feature of the historical environment of the cities of Udmurtia is given by the symbiosis of open spaces (embankments, ensembles of squares, gardens and parks, streets, forest park zones) and dense residential development. Open spaces are part of the architectural heritage. They play a major role in ensuring the recreational and leisure needs of the urban community.

The park areas of the historical centers of the cities of Udmurtia were surveyed. Izhevsk – Kirov Central Park of Culture and Recreation (CPKiO) and Gorky Summer Garden. Sarapul is a Children's park and a City garden named after A.S. Pushkin. Glazov – Gorky City Garden and the garden and park complex of the Recreation center "Russia". Votkinsk is a children's park and a Partisan park. These recreation areas have developed historically. In them, the techniques of landscape design and restructuring of the territory are used at a minimum in the form of organizing a network of trails and designing the entrance to the park area. To date, historical gardens and parks need restoration, which requires a lot of investment. Many projects are being created, most of which completely lose the historical value of these objects, the loss of which is extremely undesirable for the modern visitor and future generations. In the XX century, landscape architects sought to preserve as much as possible the historically formed compositional core of the park, which has important artistic significance, and transform that part of the park (garden) that has the least artistic value [7].

Today, the problem of the condition and development of urban gardens is relevant. The most important component of aesthetic appeal is floral decoration. Flower beds are one of the main means of decorative design of gardens and parks. For the first time, information about the appearance of ornamental plants refers to monastic and metropolitan gardens. Subsequently, flower crops are introduced into the gardens of the wealthy part of the population. In the Kremlin gardens, according to the inventory of 1702, a large variety of flowers grew (Zabelin, 1856; Maksimenko, 2008) [8, 9]. A properly selected assortment, combined with a competent color solution, creates comfortable conditions for the life and recreation of the population.

 

Objects and methods of examination

The selected objects of culture and recreation were examined using the route method [10,11]. The objects of floral decoration were numbered and photographed with a Canon digital camera. Each object is given a brief description of its qualitative and decorative condition. The species composition of plants and types of floral decoration were determined using reference literature [12,13,14]. To assess the decorative nature of flower beds, a 4-point assessment developed on the basis of the Department of Plant Introduction and Acclimatization of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences was used, taking into account the laws of composition [15].

Results and discussion

The Kirov Central Park named after S.M. Kirov, studied in Izhevsk, is both a monument of landscape art and a monument of history. This is the first park in Udmurtia laid out according to a regular plan, designed by architects A.S. Korobov and E.P. Benevolensky (1934), taking into account the requirements of landscape architecture [16]. The park is located in a coniferous forest, on the shore of Izhevsk Pond. There is a well-developed road and path network in the Central Park. A rich floral design is presented. There are many children's attractions, playgrounds for youth leisure, sports grounds. CPKiO can be called a sports and cultural cluster, thanks to the fan zone built into the natural territory with a large stage and multimedia equipment.

The summer garden is the oldest in Izhevsk. The garden was formed in 1857-1858 on the territory of the General's House and was called the General's Garden. In the Summer Garden, by now all the garden objects of the former General's Garden have disappeared, but the main structure of the paths of the noble Summer Garden has been preserved [17]. In 1917, it was renamed the Summer Garden. On May 31, 1928, the premiere of M. Gorky's play "At the Bottom" took place at the Summer Theater. Park workers sent a telephone message to the author of the play himself. In response, Gorky sent his lithographic portrait to the residents of Izhevsk as a gift. In 1936, after the death of the great Russian writer, the Summer Garden and the street on which it is located were named in honor of Maxim Gorky [18]. Today the Summer Garden named after. Gorky is the most well-maintained and most visited park, located in the city center and securely connected by all means of transport to any district of Izhevsk. The Summer Garden, like the General's Garden, has always had a rich floral decoration. We examined 136 flower beds of a wide type variety. This is the largest number of flower decoration objects in the territories of gardens and parks of Udmurtia cities that we have studied. In total, 228 objects of floral decoration were examined in the studied recreation areas of Izhevsk. 14 species of annual flower crops and 55 perennial crops have been identified. There were 9 species of herbaceous ornamental plants rarely found in the surveyed flower beds of gardens and parks of Izhevsk: Astrantia m a jor L., Glech o ma heder a cea L., Ver o nica spic a ta L., Geranium sanguineum L., Reyno u tria sachalin e nsis (F.Schmidt)Nakai, Echinacea purpurea L., Dicentra formosa (Haw.) Walp., CentaureaDealbata Willd., Polygonatummultiflorum (L.) All..

The examined Children's Park and City Garden named after A. S. Pushkin in Sarapul are an example of the arrangement and inclusion of preserved forest plantations in the urban environment. Children's Park is an institution of additional education for children. A park with a rich history. 113 objects of floral decoration were examined. 8 species of annual and 22 species of perennial herbaceous plants were identified. In the Children's Park, mostly perennial flower plants are planted randomly. It should be noted that children together with the heads of the administration of the Children's Park are widely involved in the floral design of the park. In the surveyed territory of the Pushkin City Garden in 2020, 16 species of annual crops and 42 species of perennial crops grew, 44% of flower beds with good decorative properties were noted (3 points). There are also problem areas that are located in darkened areas of the park and in the area of the location of sports equipment. In the surveyed parks and gardens of Sarapul, 8 rare species of ornamental herbaceous plants were noted: Gazania rigens (L.) Gaertn., Cosmos sulphureus Cav., Gypsophila paniculata L., Macleaya cordata Willd., Digitalis purpurea L., Paeonia tenuifolia L., Euphorbia myrsinites L., ?Heucher e lla H.R. Wehrh.

Glazov is considered the northern capital of Udmurtia. The Gorky City Garden and the garden and park complex of the Recreation center "Russia" surveyed by us were created in the 50s of the twentieth century. The main areas of work of these centers are the development of artistic creativity, the promotion of national culture and the organization of leisure activities of the population of the city of Glazov.

The city Garden named after M. Gorky is a place of rest for Glazov residents. There are many attractions for children and adults. Costume parties and theatrical events are regularly organized on the territory of the garden. The initiator of the breakdown of the city garden was the director of the Chepetsky Mechanical Plant A.P.Belov. In 1953, the garden was inaugurated. The second object of our research is the garden and park complex of the recreation center "Russia", which is a monument of history and culture of urban significance. The building of the Recreation Center "Russia" is located on this territory, which was built at the expense of the Chepetsky Mechanical Plant designed by architect Mikhail Vasilyevich Brattsev in 1951. The building was erected in the style of the so-called "Stalinist Empire". The monumental building with adjacent lime alleys, sculptures and a fountain became a real decoration for the post-war city. To date, the social and cultural center "Russia" is the most famous landmark of the city of Glazov [19].

In total, 52 objects of floral decoration of recreation areas in Glazov were examined. The species composition of the studied territories is represented by annual and perennial crops. The richest species composition of ornamental herbaceous plants was revealed in the garden and park complex of the recreation center "Russia" - 20 species. Annual crops – 7 types. The predominant species were Tagetes patula L.,Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad.. Among the perennials, 13 plant species were identified. Phlox paniculata L.,I ris x hybrida hort., Hemerocallis fulva L., Paeonia lactiflora Pallas prevailed. The park landscape in the style of the Soviet era has been preserved here: trimmed borders of shrubs, a fountain, flowerpots on high pedestals, sculptures. The floral decoration is made in a regular style. All flower beds are kept in good condition: the plants are well developed, well matched in color, flowering time, height.

In the City Garden named after. Gorky's diversity of species composition was mainly concentrated in the entrance and central part of the garden. 8 species of annual crops were identified, among them T. patula, K. scoparia, Salvia splendens Sell ex Schult predominated. The species composition of perennial crops was even more scarce – only 5 species. In the City Garden named after. Gorky's flower beds decorated in the central part of the garden had a good quality rating (46%). Here it is necessary to note the design of the entrance group in the parterre style. A rolled lawn was used, from which a pattern with flowerbeds was laid out on the treated soil. A border of cropped broom cochias frames all the flower beds. All this looks very decorative, well-groomed. This method of registration was noted only in Glazov. A small part of flower beds (15%) had a low assessment of quality and decorativeness, these include unkempt, abandoned flower beds in the depths of the garden. There are 3 species of plants rarely found in landscaping: Cathar a nthus r o seus (L.) G.Don, Godetia grandiflora Lindl., Verbena hybrida.

A children's park was examined in Votkinsk. The Children's park is also called Bogatyrev Park. According to the archive of the city of Votkinsk, even before the October Revolution, one of the former craftsmen of the plant, Dmitry Yakovlevich Bogatyrev, was a great lover of gardening. On the very outskirts of the factory village, he bought a vacant lot, and every day with a wheelbarrow, shovel, bucket or basket he drove to his plot and returned home late at night. On this site he dug a well and planted pine trees and other trees, and took care of them himself. The trees have grown and survived to this day. Changes in the life of the country also affected Votkinsk. In the first post-revolutionary years, Grigory Vasilyevich Pyankov took care of the Bogatyrev Garden. He was an excellent amateur florist. In 1954, a new life began for the Bogatyrev Garden. It was renamed the Children's Park. The city authorities decided to transfer this place to children studying in the House of Pioneers. There was also a period of desolation at the beginning of the XXI century. In recent years, thanks to enthusiasts – active residents of adjacent private houses, carousels and swings have reappeared here, the park has ceased to resemble an abandoned corner [20]. 11 objects of floral decoration were examined in the Children's Park. 14 types of ornamental plants have been identified. Annual flower crops of 6 species and perennial – 8 species. Highly decorative objects of floral decoration were not noted.

Functional zones were identified in the surveyed territories of gardens and parks of Udmurtia cities: mass events, sports and recreation entertainment and attractions, walking areas, economic zone. The organization of aesthetic space is formed with the help of water bodies (fountains), elements of landscape design (flower beds, flower arrangements, small architectural forms) and infrastructure elements (pedestrian and bike paths, benches, toilets, covered pavilions).

The typical composition of the floral design of the studied recreation areas is presented in Table 1.

Table 1

Comparative characteristics of the typical composition of the studied flower objects in parks and urban gardens of the cities of Udmurtia 2020

¹

Types of flower objects

Cities of Udmurtia

Izhevsk

Glazov

Sarapul

Votkinsk

Pc.

%

Pc.

%

Pc.

%

Pc.

%

1

Flowerpot

20

9

17

33

65

58

6

55

2

Rabatka

10

4

6

12

13

12

-

 

3

Flowerbed

24

10

25

48

15

13

1

9

4

Mixborder

13

6

1

2

9

8

1

9

5

Stationary flower girl

9

4

-

-

-

 

-

 

6

Hanging planters and boxes

27

12

-

-

-

 

-

 

7

Hanging flowerpots

99

43

-

-

-

 

-

 

8

Rockery

1

0,5

-

-

1

1

-

 

9

Ribbon planting on the lawn

1

0,5

3

5

-

 

-

 

10

Metal constructions with flowerpots

4

2

-

-

2

2

-

 

11

Curb

6

3

-

-

3

2

-

 

12

Groups among the lawn

8

4

-

-

4

3

3

27

13

Rock garden with a stream

1

0,5

-

-

1

1

-

 

14

Vertical gardening with vines

3

1

-

-

-

 

-

 

15

Solitaire landings

2

0,5

-

-

-

 

-

 

Total:

228

100

52

100

113

100

11

100

The features of the typical composition of floral decoration of gardens and parks of Udmurtia cities are noted. In Sarapul and Votkinsk, flowerpots are widely used in parks and gardens, respectively 58% and 55% of the typical composition. In Glazov, flower beds (48%) are most noted in the design of gardens and parks. Hanging flowerpots are widely used in gardens and parks of Izhevsk (43%).

The priority in flower compositions is given to the leading flower plants of the annual crop: Ageratum houstonianum Mill., Alyssum maritimum (L.) Desv., Begonia semperflorens Link et Otto., Petunia x hybrida, S. splendens, T. patula. In mixborders, perennial species form a permanent basis, and annual flowering plants are planted in the foreground. Annuals create bright blooming spots in flower beds throughout the growing season.

Single specimens or small groups of herbaceous plants blooming or valuable for their decorative foliage, such as H o sta plantaginea (Lam.) Asch.,Berg e nia crassif o lia (L.),Heuchera Americana (L.), H. fulva), etc. are used as an independent type of floral decoration of a certain area of a green area. Indoor plants are found in the compositions: Chlorophytum comosum (Thunb.) Jacgues, Hed e ra h e lix (L.), Tradescantia fluminensis Vell. and others .

In total, 98 species of ornamental herbaceous plants have been identified and identified in gardens and parks. Annual crops – 27 species, perennial – 71 species. Table 2 presents a comparative characteristic of the ratio of the species composition of annual and perennial ornamental herbaceous plants growing in gardens and parks on the studied flower objects of the cities of Udmurtia in 2020.

Table 2

Comparative characteristics of the ratio of the species composition of annual and perennial ornamental herbaceous plants growing in gardens and parks on the studied flower objects of the cities of Udmurtia 2020

Surveyed objects

Annual crops

Perennial crops

Total

Number of types

%

Number of types

%

CPK and O named after Kirov, Izhevsk

13

 

23

 

36

Summer Garden named after Gorky, Izhevsk

13

 

55

 

68

City Garden named after Gorky, Glazov

8

 

5

 

13

Park complex "Russia"", Glazov

7

 

13

 

20

Pushkin City Garden, Sarapul

17

 

42

 

59

Children's Park, Sarapul

9

 

21

 

30

Children's Park, Votkinsk

6

 

8

 

14

The largest variety of annual crops was noted in the City Garden of Sarapul, in second place gardens and parks of Izhevsk. According to perennial crops, the leading place is occupied by the Summer Garden named after. Gorky, Izhevsk, Pushkin City Garden, Sarapul in second place.

Park areas and recreation areas are the heart of small provincial towns. Here you can relax from the hustle and bustle of the city, walking along the paths to enjoy nature. In parks and gardens, events are held for any category of citizens. All this contributes to the cohesion of the urban population and improves its quality of life. The emotional state of citizens depends on the quality and decorativeness of the floral decoration of recreation areas.

The assessment of the decorative nature of the flower beds of the studied territory of gardens and parks of the cities of Udmurtia is given in Table 3.

Table 3

Comparative characteristics of the assessment of the decorativeness of the studied flower objects in gardens and parks of the cities of Udmurtia in 2020

Cities of Udmurtia

Evaluation of decorative floral objects

Total objects

1 point

2 points

3 points

4 points

Number of objects

%

Number of objects

%

Number of objects

%

Number of objects

%

Kirov Park, Izhevsk

4

4

36

39

31

34

21

23

92

Gorky Garden, Izhevsk

2

1

34

25

75

55

25

19

136

City garden, Glazov

5

38

2

15

6

46

-

-

13

Park complex "Russia"", Glazov

5

13

15

38

19

49

-

-

39

City garden, Sarapul

5

7

36

49

32

44

-

-

73

Children's Park, Sarapul

-

-

37

97

3

3

-

-

40

Children's Park, Votkinsk

4

36

6

55

1

9

-

-

11

Memorial Park, Votkinsk

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Total

25

6

166

42

167

41

46

11

404

According to the table, it can be seen that highly decorative flower beds are marked only in gardens and parks of Izhevsk. There are 23% of flower beds in the Kirov Central Park and in the Summer Garden named after Gorky's 19% of flower beds have a high decorative rating (4 points). The flower beds of Glazov gardens and parks are in second place – 49% of flower beds have an average decorative value (3 points). The flower beds of gardens and parks of Sarapul are in third place in terms of decorativeness – 30% with an assessment of 3 points. The lowest decorative rating is given to flower beds of gardens and parks in Votkinsk. Only 9% of the average decorative, the rest is below average.

 

Conclusion

The cultural objects examined by us are unique, have their own history associated with the history of the development of the cities in which they are located. The most well-maintained objects of culture and recreation are the gardens and parks of Izhevsk. There are 23% of flower beds in the Kirov Central Park and in the Summer Garden named after Gorky's 19% of flower beds have a high decorative rating (4 points). The summer garden and the Central Park are very popular among the citizens and guests of the capital. The flower beds of Glazov gardens and parks are in second place – 48% of flower beds have an average decorative value (3 points). It was noted that the flower beds of these objects, although resistant to local growing conditions and have an average quality rating, are very far from ideal. These are the largest green areas in the central part of the city. Unfortunately, today their potential is not fully disclosed. The park area is insufficiently integrated into the surrounding urban environment. It is necessary to create a new look of the park and saturate it with interesting leisure for residents.

The city parks of Sarapul and Votkinsk have remained at the level of the last decades in terms of their level of well-being, they need to be revitalized in accordance with the new concepts of the organization of city parks. Floral decoration requires a competent approach, both in terms of compositional and aesthetic attractiveness, environmental friendliness, and economic aspects. It is necessary to look for new forms of techniques and compositional solutions of floral decoration. In parks, it is necessary to create a creative and recreational environment favorable in all respects, but an invasion of the historical system can change the concept of the park, therefore, in each individual case of an invasion of the layout and figurative system of the old park, it is necessary to approach individually.

A rather diverse typical composition of flower beds has been identified. The largest typical variety of flower beds in the studied gardens and parks of the cities of Udmurtia was revealed in the city of Izhevsk – 15 types. There are 9 types of flower decoration in Sarapul, 5 and 4 types of flower beds in Glazov and Votkinsk, respectively. In Sarapul and Votkinsk, flowerpots are widely used in parks and gardens, respectively 58% and 55% of the typical composition. In Glazov, flower beds (48%) are most noted in the design of gardens and parks. Hanging flowerpots are widely used in gardens and parks of Izhevsk (43%).

When examining flower beds, the following shortcomings were revealed: not always high-quality care of plants, flower beds without using the laws of composition, few bulbous plants were used (in spring, flower beds are empty), abandoned flower beds of perennials. All these above disadvantages reduce the quality and decorative assessment, which means that they reduce the overall visual perception of urban gardens and parks.

The positive side can be considered the extensive species composition of perennial crops in the floral design of gardens and parks of the cities of Udmurtia (71 species). Decorative perennials, even with poor care, have a high assessment of quality and decorativeness, are stable in these climatic conditions, grow in one place for 3-5 or more years and are more economical compared to annual flower crops. The effectiveness and unpretentiousness of perennials in the studied flower beds of the cities of Udmurtia prove the need for their wider use. During the monitoring process, 20 species of herbaceous ornamental plants were identified, which are rarely found in the surveyed flower beds of gardens and parks of Udmurtia cities.

The expansion of areas under perennial crops, the increase in the level of agrotechnical measures, the use of the laws of harmony in the creation of flower beds, the selection of an assortment of plants that ensures the continuity of flowering would increase the stability and decorative flower arrangements of gardens and parks of Udmurtia Cities.

 

References
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The subject of the study: according to the author of the article, the study of the peculiarities of the park areas of the historical centers of the cities of Udmurtia: Izhevsk, Sarapul, Glazov, Votkinsk. However, when describing the subject of the study, it would be necessary to identify the objectives of the study from the point of view of a historical retrospective of the structure and composition of park structures. Research methodology: The authors position the analysis of information using the route method with the help of reference literature and the scoring method for analyzing the decorative nature of flower beds, taking into account the laws of composition. The relevance of the problem lies in the identification and development of urban gardens, taking into account the basic possibilities for further creation and promotion of varieties of ornamental vegetation, its introduction and greening of cities from the perspective of increasing the efficiency of environmental management. The author of the article does not position the scientific novelty, they analyzed the literature data on the characteristics and evaluation of different floral composition of gardens, revealed a rather diverse typical composition of flower beds, during the examination of which shortcomings were revealed: poor quality care, violation of the laws of composition, few bulbous plants were used, abandoned beds of perennials, which reduce the overall visual perception of urban gardens and parks. Style, structure, content the style of presentation of the results is scientific, the structure of the construction and presentation of the material is built quite logically. However, there are a number of issues, in particular: the author of the article should avoid excessive quoting, which loads the article (For example: "The involvement of the urban population in culture created and creates conditions for the transformation of urban parks and gardens into subjects of cultural dialogue between generations" [2; 3, 4, 5, 6]". Based on the data, the authors left the tables "Comparative characteristics of the typical composition of the studied flower objects in parks and urban gardens of Udmurtia 2020", however, no interpretation of the data obtained, the causes and consequences of the differences in the compared indicators is given. The author's use of point estimates would need to be justified from the point of view of statistical processing of the results obtained. The methodology should include criteria for assigning points and a list of parameters for evaluating decorativeness. The authors of the article present in the article tables containing digital information obtained during the study. However, it should be visualized in the form of diagrams or graphs, which would allow to identify trends and compare the results. The bibliography is extensive and contains mostly relevant sources. An appeal to opponents in identifying the problem at the level of available information obtained by the author as a result of analyzing a large number of literary sources. Conclusions, the interest of the readership The conclusion given by the author summarizes the content of the article, the conclusions of the article are stating, there is no explanation of the reasons and no indication of the prospects for use, and the consumer of the information provided in the article is not defined by the authors.